Hence, περὶ τοῦ λόγου can be understood as “about the word.” That is, “we have heard.about the word.” On the preposition περί, Thayer notes, 11 In 1 John 1:1, the word λόγου occurs again, but this time, it is the object of the preposition περὶ (περί). Hence, διὰ λόγου can be understood as “by the word” or “by means of the word.” The preposition διά also governs objects of the preposition declined in the accusative, but that is not the case here, as we would instead read λόγον (accusative) instead of λόγου (genitive). 8 The preposition διά followed by a substantive in the genitive case can have several meanings, one of which is to indicate the means by which something is done. In 1 Peter 1:23, the word λόγου is declined in the genitive case because λόγου (the object of the preposition διὰ) is being governed by the preposition διὰ (διά). The genitive case has a variety of functions, by far more than the nominative. It could also, among other things, be a predicate nominative, functioning as a vocative, etc. Hence, one would find the word λόγος as a lemma in a lexicon.Ī substantive declined in the nominative case is generally used as the subject of a sentence. 6 The lemma of a substantive is its form as declined in the nominative case and singular number. In a lexicon, words are generally arranged alphabetically according to lemma. 3 Bullions defines case as “the state or condition of a noun with respect to the other words in a sentence.” 4 Koine Greek is understood to have five cases: “the Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, and Vocative.” 5 1 With respect to substantives, 2 this means that the ending of a substantive will change in spelling in relation to its case. Koine Greek is a highly inflected language. I hope this helps to answer your question. Vocative is the case of direct address and it is lacking an example for ‘word’ because ‘logos’ is (typically) not used in the case Īccusative case in the fourth row is used when the word is a direct object so, you have ‘a word.’ Genitive case in the second row expresses possession so, you have ‘word’ or ‘words’ of -word or words belonging to someone.ĭative case in the third row is the case of the indirect object so you might have I say a word to. Nominative in the first row means the basic form of a word-unconjugated so you have ‘word’ (or a word) or ‘words.’ (and to complicate things further, some grammars will throw in Locative and Instrumental-but let’s keep things simple). The chart has 5 rows-one row for each case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, and Vocative.
I am not a Greek professor, so I might have the Greek grammar police correcting me here, but I will try to break this down for you in a simple manner. The chart below shows you conjugated forms of the Greek word λόγος (‘logos’). For the sake of argument, I will assume you have not formally studied Greek grammar-but of course, correct me if I am wrong. This is essentially an easy question if you know Greek grammar.
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